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The study of model lipid membranes containing omega-hydroxylated ceramides
Svatošová, Linda ; Opálka, Lukáš (advisor) ; Pullmannová, Petra (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Candidate: Linda Svatošová Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Opálka, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The study of model lipid membranes containing omega- hydroxylated ceramides Acylceramides (EO-Cer) belong to a class of ceramides (Cer) with an ultralong acyl chain whose ω-hydroxyl group is esterified with linoleic acid. The importance of EO-Cer lies in the formation of the long periodicity phase (LPP) and the corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE), which are indispensable components for the skin functioning as a barrier. Disorders in EO-Cer biosynthesis are associated with insufficient production of CLE and LPP leading to many skin diseases, including some types of ichthyosis. One of the enzymes that is deficient in such ichthyoses is PNPLA1. Insufficient function of this enzyme disables ω-esterification with linoleic acid, and thus the formation of EO-Cer. On the contrary, their precursors, i.e. ω-hydroxylated ceramides (O-Cer), are cumulated. The aim of this thesis was to prepare model membranes containing O-Cer and to study the effects of O-Cer on the lipid organization and barrier properties of model membranes. Within this thesis, two types of membranes were prepared - the first type were membranes...
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Interaction of PAMAM dendrimers with the human stratum corneum
Žofková, Kateřina ; Paraskevopoulou, Anna (advisor) ; Svačinová, Petra (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Supervisor: PharmDr. Anna Paraskevopoulou, Ph.D. Author: Kateřina Žofková Title of the thesis: Interaction of PAMAM dendrimers with human stratum corneum Dendrimers are highly branched, monodisperse macromolecules. On the basis of the degree of branching, can be distinguished different generations of dendrimers that arise as the dendrimers expand. Higher generations of dendrimers form spherical structures with an internal cavity, where molecules such as a drug can be encapsulated. Due to their structure, which can be specifically and controllably modified, dendrimers are investigated for their use in biomedicine. One of the most widely used groups of dendrimers are polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers, based on an ethylenediamine core, branched amide and amine units, and terminal functional groups. PAMAM dendrimers with amine groups have proven useful in the past as skin penetration enhancers of different drugs. However, the mechanism how these molecules affect skin barrier function is not yet known. Therefore, in this work was investigated the mechanism of interaction of PAMAM dendrimers with lipids of stratum corneum (SC), the uppermost skin layer where the skin barrier is found. Second, third and...
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Quantification of skin ceramides in patients after oncological treatment
Voláková, Eliška ; Opálka, Lukáš (advisor) ; Roh, Jaroslav (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Candidate: Eliška Voláková Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Opálka, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Quantification of skin ceramides in patients after oncological treatment Ceramides are one of the three basic lipid components present in the stratum corneum of human skin. Alterations in the ratio of individual ceramides are associated with disruption of skin barrier function. Such changes have been observed not only in skin diseases of the non-cancerous type, but also as a consequence of cancer. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the difference in the representation of skin ceramides in the stratum corneum of healthy patients and patients after cancer. Samples were collected from five groups of patients, four of which represented cancer patients with different types of treatment: tumor resection, chemotherapy, radiation or a combination of chemotherapy and radiation. The remaining fifth group consisted of control samples from volunteers without a diagnosis of cancer. Samples were obtained by tape-stripping from an identical site on patient forearm, followed by protein determination. Cancer patient samples were compared with control samples in terms of different water loss through the...
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The study of model lipid membranes containing omega-hydroxylated ceramides
Svatošová, Linda ; Opálka, Lukáš (advisor) ; Pullmannová, Petra (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Candidate: Linda Svatošová Supervisor: PharmDr. Lukáš Opálka, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The study of model lipid membranes containing omega- hydroxylated ceramides Acylceramides (EO-Cer) belong to a class of ceramides (Cer) with an ultralong acyl chain whose ω-hydroxyl group is esterified with linoleic acid. The importance of EO-Cer lies in the formation of the long periodicity phase (LPP) and the corneocyte lipid envelope (CLE), which are indispensable components for the skin functioning as a barrier. Disorders in EO-Cer biosynthesis are associated with insufficient production of CLE and LPP leading to many skin diseases, including some types of ichthyosis. One of the enzymes that is deficient in such ichthyoses is PNPLA1. Insufficient function of this enzyme disables ω-esterification with linoleic acid, and thus the formation of EO-Cer. On the contrary, their precursors, i.e. ω-hydroxylated ceramides (O-Cer), are cumulated. The aim of this thesis was to prepare model membranes containing O-Cer and to study the effects of O-Cer on the lipid organization and barrier properties of model membranes. Within this thesis, two types of membranes were prepared - the first type were membranes...
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